Propaganda and Radio Broadcasting In Nazi Germany Essay

In 1933 Adolf Hitler was chosen as Chancellor of Germany by president Paul von Hindenburg. With this, the Nazi party came to power. Originally called the National Socialist German Workers party (Nazi for short), the Nazi party emphasized how Laissez-faire capitalism, economic liberalism, and democracy failed in government. The National Socialists stressed the importance of the impeccability of the German race. Although they had very determined ideas, The Nazi party began as a relatively small group in 1918. But coming into the 1930’s this was not the case. The widespread use of propaganda and radio broadcasting were instrumental to the rise of Hitler and the Nazi party. On March 13, 1933, Adolf Hitler founded the Reich Ministry of†¦show more content†¦These radio sets became known as the People’s Sets. With these sets allowing total access into all German homes, it led to radio communication becoming the most powerful instrument of political influence. The dire ctor of the Reich Program, Hadamovsky (1904-1944), strongly believed that, â€Å"Broadcasting [was] propaganda’s perfect instrument.† Hadamovsky viewed the radio as the strongest weapon against the mind. It brought everyone together into one community, putting them all under a single idea. Not only did the radio simply unify the masses, but also it unified them under a single belief, Nazi ideology. In 1933 the Broadcast Division of the Ministry of Propaganda consisted of three departments. The Broadcasting Affairs took care of the technological component of radio broadcasting. Then there was the Political and Cultural Aspects department. And finally the Department of Organization and Administration. But as more people began to tune in, the departments grew. By 1936 the Broadcasting Division grew in size to four departments and one Special Tasks. The new department took care of all legal matters dealing with broadcasting to German households. The Special Tasks force was responsible for working together with the recreational programs designed for workers. As more propaganda filled broadcasts were being played, more people tuned in. The Broadcasting Division kept growing in size. By 1945, the Broadcasting Division consisted of twenty-one departments and 2000Show MoreRelatedNazi Propaganda And The World War I1360 Words   |  6 PagesThe attack on the Altmark: a case study in war time propaganda. Introduction I chose this book for my book review as I have been always interested in the second world war. I graduated from history and studied everything about Czech Republic in the Second world war on my secondary school. From this reason I chose book Nazi Wireless Propaganda, because I wanted to know something new which I can connect with Journalism and history in term of Nazi machinery as well. Why is this literature connectedRead MorePropaganda by Radio in the Third Reich Essay2019 Words   |  9 PagesOn the brink of the war, Germany needed hit the ground running or risk being defeated by the opponent. After Hitler became Head Chancellor of Nazi Germany, Joseph Goebbels was promoted to Reich Minister of Propaganda. Goebbels was greatly respected by his Germans and government officials after his service in the German military. It was observed as, â€Å"He (Goebbels) came as a fighter who had proved himself against the French, separatists and Communists in three years in the Rhine and Ruhr areas. HeRead MoreEssay on The Forms of Propaganda Used by the State in Nazi Germany973 Words   |  4 PagesThe Forms of Propaganda Used by the State in Nazi Germany One of the purposes of dictatorship was to give the Nazis control of peoples lives. The more control they had, the more easily they could put their aims into effect. 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Jeremy Garber Mr. Katz 20th Century U.S. History 5 December 2014 Propaganda is defined as â€Å"information or ideas that are spread by an organized group or government to influence people’s opinions, especially by not giving all the facts or by secretly emphasizingRead MoreUse Of Propaganda During World War II1719 Words   |  7 PagesPaul Klene Professor Brain Stokes History 122 6 December 2015 The Use and Impact of Propaganda during World War II The second most devastating global conflict, also known as World War II, left over 60 million dead creating panic and fear for citizens all over the world. During these hard times the citizens, dealing with a national crisis, needed something to give them hope that there will be betters days. Propaganda was used in political cartoons to release information that contained biased viewsRead MoreNazi Propaganda Influence The Citizens Of Germany During World War II Essay2461 Words   |  10 PagesTo what extent did Nazi propaganda influence the citizens of Germany during World War II? Propaganda is the function to attract supporters and the function to win different members over to make the people believe in certain beliefs. â€Å"World War II, which began in 1939 and ended in 1945, was the deadliest and most destructive war in history.† (The National WWII Museum para.1). The object of propaganda is to indoctrinate the people to allow people to change their behaviour in the desir e of the propagandistRead MoreThe Influence Of Propaganda During The World War II1331 Words   |  6 PagesES/LA,  ¾ Final The Influence of Propaganda Over the course of history there have been numerous wars, and during those wars there has been one thing that has helped in the victors struggle. Propaganda which is the misleading nature of information which is used to promote a particular political cause or point of view was used by the common people in 1914 when World War 1 began, World War 2 Followed the first World War after over two decades and like the first war Propaganda was a main factor. The AlliesRead MoreShould Triumph of the Will Be Considered a Documentary or Nazi Propaganda1334 Words   |  6 Pagesthe will’ is a film of the 1934 Nazi Rally at Nuremburg. It was directed by Leni Riefenstahl and funded by the Nazi party. The question of whether Triumph of the Will was created for the purpose of Nazi propaganda or simply as a documentary has provoked historical debate. There is no doubt that the film was used as propaganda, as when the Nazi’s annexed Austria, triumph of the will was streamed in every cinem a to convert the disillusioned Austrians into practising Nazis. However, historians have questioned

International Classification Of Functioning, Disability...

Introduction The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, also know more commonly as ICF was originally proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for trial purposes in 1980 and was known as the International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicap (ICIDH) (reference). The ICIDH aimed to provide a cohesive and consistent language tool for the classification of the consequences of disease and the implications for the individuals involved (reference). However, as times changed and more was understood about the individuality in which people cope with disabilities and the relationship that exists between the interaction of a person’s environment and their wellbeing, various revisions of the ICIDH†¦show more content†¦(reference) With this revision, The World Health Organization aimed for the ICF to create a standardized language for health professionals and to look beyond the idea of a purely medical or biological conceptualization of dysf unction and take into account the other critical aspects of disability, therefore creating a biopsychosocial model of disability, combining both social and medical models of disability. (reference) ICF Framework The ICF framework is divided into four key components that look into the interaction and interrelation between the individual and their environmental surroundings. In ICF, functioning and disability are multi-dimensional concepts relating these four components. 1. Body functions referring to the physiological and psychological functioning of body systems. Body structures encompassing the anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs and their components 2. Activities comprising of the execution of task or actions by an individual and includes the activity limitations the individual may experience in executing such activities. Participation denotes the involvement in life situation for an individual and contains participation restriction an individual may experience in involvement in life situations. (reference) 3. Environmental factors encompass the physical, social and attitudinal environment in which people live and include the social attitudes,

Ulysses By Tennyson (694 words) Essay Example For Students

Ulysses By Tennyson (694 words) Essay Ulysses By TennysonLord Alferd Tennyson presents to us in the poem Ulysses an old sailor, awarrior and a king who is in retrospection on his experiences of a lifetime oftravel. Ulysses old age and strong will causes him to be restless and unable tobe comfortable at home. He chooses a life of travel over his family because thatis what he knows best. Because of his faults, we identify with his character. Asa result, Ulysses attempts to go on to face a new but familiar journey, notknowing if it would be his last. By connecting with Ulysses courage he awakensthe heroic spirit in all of us. At home Ulysses is unable to adjust to old age. Regardless of his physical body he feels his spirit is still longing for travel. He feels as though his wife is too old, and he governs the people with norespect, Matched with an aged wife, I mete and dole / Unequal laws unto asavage race, / That hord, and sleep, and feed, and know not of me(3-5). Ulysses condescends his own son by describing his timidness to rule the peopleand how his son is more capable of the common duties. Ulysses boasts with asense of superiority in trying to reassure himself. This is my son, mine ownTelemachus, / To whom I leave the scepter and the isle- / Well-loved of me,discerning to fulfill / This labor, by slow prudence to make mild / A ruggedpeople, and through soft degrees / Subdue them to the useful and the good. /Most blameless is he, centered in the sphere / Of common duties, decent not tofail / In offices of tenderness, and pay / Meet adoration to my household gods,/ When I am gone. He works his work, I mine (33-43). Being a life long travelerprevented Ulysses from learning any of the responsibilities of being a fatherand a husband. Instead, he was traveling abroad consoling with kings, generalsand gods, traveling to cities of men / And manners, climates, councils,governments(13-14). The only thing he gained from his travels was theunending qu est for more. Retiring home is an unsatisfying dull life, which isimpossible for Ulysses bear. After all the battles and fame he has won Ulyssesrealizes his old age and feels required to pause, to make and end, / To rustunburnished, not to shine in use! / As though to breathe were life!(22-24)Ulysses reveals on lines 25-31, his old age and fear of dying, but rejectsdeaths attempt to muscle its way into his life. Were all too little, and ofone to me Little remains; but every hour is saved From that eternal silence,something more, A bringer of new things; and vile it were For some three suns tostore and hoard myself, And this grey spirit yearning in desire To followknowledge like a sinking star, Ulysses directs the next verse toward hismariners, who have been with him through the bad times unlike his wife who wasunable to. Souls that have toiled, and wrought, and thought with me-(46). At this point both the bad and the good side of Ulysses can be identified and weare called to join in on the final journey Come my friends, ?Tis not toolate to seek a newer world. Push off, and sitting well in order smite Thesounding furrows; for my purpose holds To sail beyond the sunset, and the bathsOf all the western stars, until I die. It may be the gulfs will wash us down: Itmay be we shall touch the Happy Isles (56-61). Tennyson seals the bond to thereaders and gives us a since of connection to Ulysses courageous mission. We areleft with the encouraging Idea that no matter how old we might be physically thesoul lives on. We are not now that strength which in old days Moved earth andheaven, that which we are, we are- One of equal temper of heroic hearts, Madeweak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive, to seek, to find, and notto yield (66-70). This awakens the hero at heart for everyone and makes us feelproud and motivated to take on life.

Sonnets And Songs free essay sample

Sonnets and songs share number of things in common. One example is that they both rhyme at the end of each line. Today’s songs don’t usually rhyme, unless if the songs are under the genres of hip-hop and rap, but most of the songs from the 60s, 70s and 90s do rhyme. One of few differences between a song and a sonnet is the way it appeals to the audiences or the readers and the kind of language that is used in these two different two pieces of writing. The song ‘I Will’ by The Beatles and ‘How do I love thee? Let me count the Ways’ by Elizabeth Barrett Browning. For number of reasons, ‘I Will’ by The Beatles appeals more affectively to the audiences as it has repetitions, exaggerations and it has the tune that will be remembered by the audiences. Firstly, the sonnet ‘How do I love thee? Let me count the ways’ by Elizabeth Barrett Browning is a sonnet about her love, who is anonymous in the sonnet. We will write a custom essay sample on Sonnets And Songs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She uses many adjectives and poetic devices such as similes and metaphors. She also used some repetitions such as â€Å"I love thee freely, as men strive for right; I love thee purely, as they turn from praise. I love thee with the passion put to use† Although this sonnet is very sweet, it uses old English from 1800s that people today don’t use. Most of the people can’t understand most of the English that is used in this sonnet. The repetition shows a little bit of the sonnet’s rhyming pattern. It is quite different from the rhyming pattern that is in the song, ‘I Will’. Secondly, The Beatles use some poetic devices just like Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s sonnet except with some exaggerations and most importantly, it is a song, which mean that it will have tune in it. The tune in ‘I Will’ is the biggest difference that differentiates songs from sonnets. The tunes in songs make songs more memorable than sonnets; for example, The Beatles’ songs are going to be more memorable than Shakespearean sonnets. Whereas Browning’s sonnet is about her love to this person, The Beatles’ song is about his willingness to do anything for his love toward this person. The Beatles also exaggerated a little bit in the repetitive part of the song such as â€Å"Love you forever and forever, love you with all my heart, love you whenever were together, love you when were apart† The rhyming pattern used n this song can be seen in the example of repetition. The pattern uses ABAC DEDF pattern, which means it rhymes every second lines but random words are in the every other second lines. Furthermore, everyone knows that normal person can’t live forever, so the exaggerations in the song lyrics make the audiences know that this man loves this person so much that he’ll wait until his death. Thirdly, The Beatles were more effective than Browning when conveying the same theme because of the exaggeration, repetition and the tune. The old English from Browning’s sonnet made it difficult for the readers from 2012 to read and understand the meanings behind the sonnet whereas The Beatles used the modern English and had the tune in their sonnet, basically a song, and they used the same theme, similar poetic devices. Furthermore they were able to get the meanings of the song over to the audiences. Having similar structure and theme made it easier to see which piece of writing is more effective in conveying the theme. To sum up, The Beatles’ song, ‘I Will’ was more effective in conveying the theme than Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s ‘How do I love thee? Let me count the ways’ as it had easily memorable tune, exaggerations and some poetic devices such as similes, metaphors and repetitions. Although Browning and The Beatles used similar themes and poetic devices, The Beatles was more effective only because it was easily understandable by most of the people and had that easily memorable tune. Maybe if Browning’s sonnet had modern English and tunes, it might have been more effective in conveying the theme than The Beatles.

Alternative Energy Research Paper

Alternative Energy Research Paper Free Online Research Papers The worlds sources of fossil fuels are drying up faster than the earth can renew them. Fossil fuels, like coal and oil take the earth thousands of years to reproduce so an effective alternate energy source must be explored. For many years we have been running out of oil. This phenomenon is called the Hubbert peak theory also known as peak oil. Hydrogen is a great option to power an engine. To make hydrogen we can decomposition methane or using electrolysis. There are two methods: combustion, and fuel cell conversion. Nuclear power is also an option to powering a vehicle. As we all know we have to use uranium to produce nuclear power. Biofuel is a fuel that comes from biomass, living organisms, like cow manure. This area is very active, because it can convert biofuels and other fuels into fuel cells (Biofuels) Alternative Energies The worlds sources of fossil fuels are drying up faster than the earth can renew them. Fossil fuels, like coal and oil take the earth thousands of years to reproduce so an effective alternate energy source must be explored. Fossil fuels or crude oil has been around for a long time and can be refined to form a number of products. Such products include gas, naptha, gasoline, kerosene, gas oil or diesel, and other things. This form of an energy source is used in many things such as generators, electricity, automobiles, aircraft, watercraft, and many other things. While this is a very strong and versatile energy source it still is an excellent energy source. We are also running out of crude oil, a non-renewable resource. For many years we have been running out of oil. This phenomenon is called the Hubbert peak theory also known as peak oil. The peak oil theory states that every finite resource has a beginning, middle, and an end of production. Production of oil usually follows a bell shape curve when graphed. When oil production reaches the mid-point of its life it also reaches the peak oil production. This theory was developed by the geologist for Shell oil, named M. King Hubbert. In the 1960s Hubbert predicted oil would peak 40 years from then, putting peak oil production right about now. Since oil is running out we have to start thinking about alternative fuels that are available to us. The problem is not whether these alternative energy sources exist or nor, they do. Should the government fund and give large tax breaks to research into alternative energy sources. Alternative fuel is any other method of powering an engine without using petroleum. Some of these alternative fuels and methods of powering an engine or the economy are: coal, hydrogen, nuclear power, biofuels, Athabasca Oil Sands in Canada, Venezuelan Orinoco tar sands, green alternatives, and Thermal Depolymerization. These are just few of other methods. The majority of these alternative fuels are arranged to be cheap, non-polluting, and infinite sources of energy. (Hubbert Peak Theory) Coal is a fossil fuel dug up from the Earth by deep mining. Coal is an extremely important source that produces electricity worldwide. In the United States coal produce over half the electricity consumed by the nation. Coal can be produced into oil by gasification and liquefaction (Coal). This process is called synthetic oil from coal (Life After the Oil Crash). This is a good process because it does not contaminate the environment. However, coal is not as great as it seems. Coal production will peak approximately 2 decades. If demand remains frozen at the current rate of consumption, the coal reserves will indeed last roughly 250 yearspopulation growth alone produces the lifetime to some 90-120 yearsthe use of coal for conversion to other fuels reduces the lifetime of coal to less than a human lifespan (Life After the Oil Crash). Hydrogen is a great option to power an engine. To make hydrogen we can decomposition methane or using electrolysis. There are two methods: combustion, and fuel cell conversion. In combustion, hydrogen is burned like in traditional gasoline cars. The combustion cars burn hydrogen directly, and produce water vapor, which is non-polluting. In fuel cell conversion, hydrogen is turned into electricity through fuel cell, which powers the engine (Hydrogen vehicle). Fuel cell conversion is highly efficient. However, there are problems with this method. The problem with combustion is that hydrogen fuel is used rapidly. The first problem fuel cell conversion has is that hydrogen has a low density. Meaning that the amount that can be stored is limited (Hydrogen vehicle). The second problem is the expensive cost of making a reliable fuel cell that would provide electric power in a hydrogen car. Fuel cell designs require the use of platinum, and platinum will become scarce soon (Life After the Oil Crash). The third problem is that hydrogen is an energy carrier, meaning that it does not produce energy. It has to be produced by fossil fuels (Hydrogen vehicle). The electrolysis process consumes more energy than it produces. Nuclear power is also an option to powering a vehicle. As we all know we have to use uranium to produce nuclear power. At the rate we are consuming gasoline, there are 50 years left of low cost uranium (Life After the Oil Crash). There are reactors that create inefficient nuclear fuel, which leads to nuclear waste. However, there are more efficient reactors that reduce the amount of nuclear waste. If we use these types of reactors we are still going to have 10,000 to 5 billion years of uranium for use in these power plants (Nuclear Power). However, nuclear power is less convenient than what they state. It is dangerous to put a nuclear reactor in your trunk (Life After the Oil Crash). It is also a problem because we do not have the time or the money to build 10,000 power plants to produce the energy we get from fossil fuels (Life After the Oil Crash). It will take $3-5 billion per plant, without including the cost to repair old reactors, and converting nuclear energy appropriate for cars, boats, and airplanes. It takes 10 years to build one of these nuclear power plants (Nuclear Power). Biofuel is a fuel that comes from biomass, living organisms, like cow manure. This area is very active, because it can convert biofuels and other fuels into fuel cells (Biofuels). Bioenergy develops 15% of the worlds energy use. Biomass can also be used for the making of electricity and heating. There are solid biomasses that can be made into fuel, like: wood, straw, animal waste, husks or shells from crops, and bagasse (Alternative Fuel). There are also liquid biomasses that can be used as fuel: bioalcohols, like ethanol, methanol, and butanol; biological produced oils like, straight vegetable oil, waste vegetable oil, and biodiesel; oil and gases can be produces by methane, and thermal depolymerization. Gaseous biomasses can produce fuel, like: bio-methane, wood gas, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide (Biofuels). However, biofuels has become less efficient than oil. It consumes more energy than it produces. It takes 11 acres to grow enough corn to fuel one automobilefor 10,000 miles, or about a years drivingthe amount to feed seven people for the same period of time Life After the Oil Crash). To replace a small part of our oil supply we would have to turn most of Africa into a giant biofuel farm. Its a great idea, and we can develop it further, but it wont be enough to the rate we consume oil (Biofuels). The Athabasca Oil Sands are large deposits of tar sands that are located northwestern of Canada and Venezuela Orinoco. It is said that Athabasca contains two thirds of total global oil deposits (Alternative Fuel). It contains 1.6 trillion barrels of oil. With the technology we have today only 311 billion barrels could be extracted (Athabasca Oil Sands). Then why not get most of our oil supply from the Athabasca Oil sands? According to the Department of Energy it will only lower oil prices less than fifty cents. It will also take 10 years to come online. It will peak at 875,000 barrels per day, but not until 2025. By then we would need 35 million barrels per day, while the world needs 120 million barrels per day (Life After the Oil Crash). Green alternatives like, solar, wind, wave, and geothermal power are fine ways to power the nation, better yet the world. Geothermal energy comes from radioactive decay from the core of the Earth. Which heats the Earth inside out, and the sun heats the surface. There are three ways to produce geothermal energy: geothermal electricity, geothermal heating through deep Earth pipes, and geothermal heating through a heat pump (Geothermal Power). The most renewable energy is solar energy, energy coming directly from sunlight. Solar power can be made by: generating electricity using solar cells, generating electricity using thermal power plants, generating electricity using solar towers, heat buildings, heat buildings through heat pumps, and heat foodstuffs through solar ovens (Solar Energy). When the sun heats up the earth unevenly, it creates winds. Wind is able to run wind turbines capable of producing electricity. Some areas do not have prevailing wind power so its best to put them offs hore or at high altitudes, the wind is more continuous. Waterpower can be harnessed and used (Wind Energy). Like water is a thousand times heavier than air, even a slow stream of water can produce large amounts of energy. There are many forms of waterpower: hydroelectric energy, tidal power, tidal stream power, wave power, ocean thermal energy conversion, and deep lake water-cooling (Water Power). However, green alternative is not a good idea. The green alternatives have limited capacity, compared to fossil fuels. Californias 13,000 wind turbines generate as much electricity like a single 555-megawatt natural gas fired power plant (Life After the Oil Crash). To replace a drilling platform that pumps 12,000 barrels of oil per day we would have to build 706 wind turbines (Wind Energy). The combined output of all solar cells in the world is less than 40% of the output of a single coal power plant. The amount of energy distributed by one gas station in one day is equal to the amount of energy that four Manhattan size city blocks of solar equipment produces. To power the whole Earth with solar panels it will take 220,000 square kilometers (Solar Energy). These options only produce energy at certain times or conditions of the day. In order to power a small portion of Earth we would need trillions of dollars to build hydrogen-powered cars, trucks, boats, and air plains; need thousand s of dollars to build oil-powered factories; build an expensive refueling and maintenance network; and we would need huge amounts of platinum, silver, and copper (Life After the Oil Crash). All of these alternative energies and fuels cannot compare to the efficiency oil produces for us. These alternatives were too expensive, there was not enough time, and more energy was put in to produce than it produced, or it was an underdeveloped idea. All of the alternative energies need a little bit of maturity to produce something as proficient as oil. Recently many countries have become increasingly interested in indigenous, renewable energy sources, such as tidal energy as an alternate to fossil fuels for the production of electricity. Tidal energy is a huge source of renewable energy and holds great potential for future electricity generation. Tidal power is predictable, unlike solar power or wind energy. Though, even using modern day technological advances the amount of energy generated will still not totally cover and resolve the worlds energy supply problems. Alternative energy is an option that needs to be put into play. It is proven wind generators have a very mild, hardly if any effect on the environment. If anything a bird might fly into the propellers or a cluster of wind generators might somehow generate a magnetic field disrupting migratory birds route during migration season. Another problem would be lack of wind. Imagine if we relied mostly or entirely on wind power, if we had no wind going things would be thrown int o chaos and confusion, people would be helpless in some places, looting would be abundant and many other problems would be occurring. The curiosity of mankind has led to the discovery of various types of energy, the most essential being nuclear energy. It has become such a necessity over the years that humans cannot survive without it. Nuclear energy provides us with relatively cheap electricity, it helps expand the making of drugs and the equipment in the medical field, and the most vital of all, nuclear weapons. When Einstein and Hahn first began exploring this fascinating kind of energy, their intentions were not to use it as weapons of mass destruction. Unfortunately, that is what humans have made of them. Nuclear Weapons are a threat to the world; they are harmful to the environment and its inhabitants, they are indestructible and they cause competition between nations. Nuclear power has been around since the early 1950s. It is clean with the exception of producing of radioactive waste which has to be stored somewhere, plus there is a risk nuclear meltdown. It is still extremely efficient, for example a golf ball sized lump of uranium can fuel a nuclear powered submarine for 13,700 leagues or 66144 kilometres. Uranium-238 has a half-life of 4.5 billion years and makes up 99 percent of the total amount of uranium on the earth. I cant explain the process of nuclear reactors in one small paragraph so Ill just say that heat from the uranium is used heat water, create steam, and that steam spins turbines. So what do you think about coastal wind farms? Are you all for them, unsure, or completely against them? Well these wind turbines have caused a real uproar and this project of coastal wind farms havent adapted to the public as the government thought they would. Its now staring to look as though its been more trouble than what its worth. The Victorian government has designed on installing 2000 megawatts of energy production by 2010, which is the equivalent of 1200 to 1500 wind turbines. There are at present 27 operating wind turbines in Victoria, 14 at Codrington near Warrnambool, 1 on the Bellarine Peninsula, and 12 at Toora here, in South Gippsland. Each turbine stands between 100-130 metres tall, the equivalent of a 35-40-storey building, and the next generation is said to be even bigger. This sounds good, positive, its clean and renewable energy, pollution free, but it was where the turbines were to be placed that outraged the public. They were to be placed overlooking some of our most pressured landscapes on our coasts, like Wilsons Promontory, The Great Ocean Road at Nirranda, The Bay of Islands, Discovery Bay, Cape Bridgewater, Logans Beach, Corner Inlet, Bald Hills, and Kilcunda Coastal wind farm projects have become a problem as they have already, and will continue to have a devastating visual impact on our beautiful coasts, ruining the natural landscapes that values Australias Coastline. The sight of our coastlines has been obscured by these giants and is said to be industrialising our coast, which is hypocritical. As much as the coastal communities are fighting for their coast to stay the way it is, the government doesnt seem to be listening. This is only one disadvantage of these coastal wind farms, as there are many difficulties that have contributed to these projects. Another complaint is that wind farm developments could actually wipe millions of dollars from Victorias coastal property market, which has already occurred of up 30%. Landowners within 2 kilometres of Toora Wind farms have struggled desperately to sell their properties, and those who found buyers had to sell well below the market price. This price is also expected to drop even further if more wind farm developments near the coast start to take off like the expected wind farms near Cape Liptrap, which is said to have devastating effects on land values and its scenery. The noise factor is another problem, which has been an issue after some of these developments. People have been forced to abandon their dream homes from the coasts because of the tremendous noise of these wind farms. Mr. Stephen Garito, who said he had to leave his peaceful country lifestyle because of the low frequency, humming noise that is generated by the blades as they pass the towers and high speeds, which he said, created a similar effect to nightclub music. It was like a disco beat coming from a few blocks away rising and falling all day and all night. Even with all the windows and blinds shut, it still didnt stop the irritating noise, making them unable to sleep at night. The glare from the rotating blades was also a major turnoff for prospective buyers, and they complained as the flicker was worse than noise and drove you crazy. There was also the cost issue of establishing a wind farm development as each turbine would cost approximately $2.8 million (Australian) to be inst alled, therefore a 40-turbine wind farm would cost around $122 million. That was the bad side of this situation, and believe it or not there is also a good positive side and some advantages to be had with these wind farm developments starting with electricity. A modern 1.75 MW will produce approximately 5 million kilowatt hours of generation per year, which is equivalent to the annual electricity consumption of 900-1000 Victorian households. Wind farm energy is also a renewable resource of clean pollution free energy. Electrical energy is essential to billions of people around the world as we rely on it for the simplest things like light to read and water for the shower, but the conventional sources of power come from burning fossil fuels such as coal, gas, oil, or from nuclear fuels. Apart from the fear of fossil fuel shortages, they are destroying our planet and changing the climate, which has warmed by about 0.7 degrees Celsius in the last 300 years and about 0.5 degrees Celsius of that warming occurring in the last 100 years, which is a great concern . This change is due to the increase in the emissions of greenhouse gases, which these burning fossil fuels have created and scientific models predict that the average global temperature will rise by a further 3 degrees Celsius by the next century, unless change takes place now. With the global temperatures changing, this is also leading to the ice caps in the artic and Antarctic waters already melting, which is leading to sea level rises. The result of this on human and natural environments could be devastating as rising sea levels could submerge whole islands, flood low lying areas in many countries and without doubt push entire species to extinction. An alternative generation of clean energy source like wind farms are a growing importance and a global priority for future generations, as a modern 1.75 MW wind turbine would annually displace approximately 7,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide from other electricity sources. There is also the fact that jobs will be created through wind farm developments including coastal wind farm developments of about 30-50 local jobs during construction, and atleast 5 permanent jobs for operation and maintenance. As the supply of wind farm energy is greater then electrical energy, and depending on the normal economic theory, electrical prices will drop and the power quality should increase. The best advantage of coastal wind farms apart from the general advantages above is that wind turbines can actually be placed on concrete pillars in the water off the shore. So unlike wind farms inland, which still leaves more than 97% of the land its situated on for farming and grazing, these coastal wind farms wont ruin views and sceneries as they will hardly be seen. At Port Phillip, Western Port and Corio bays, 300 wind turbines are planned to be erected across these bays by the Nepean Wind Energy Company. The 140 metre high, 54 metre long bladed turbines are said to be built in water depths of up to 25 metres outside shipping lanes and away from areas with significant bird population. The facility could produce almost half of the State Governments target for wind energy in a single project, and the company claims the project will result in a reduction in the states output of greenhouse gases by 1.8 million tonnes and provide enough power for 260,000 homes. These wind farms will also allow energy users in Melbourne and Geelong to contribute to producing pollution free energy and it is said that A project of this scale has the potential to give Melbourne an iconic and sustainable feature. Research Papers on Alternative Energy Research PaperBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfPETSTEL analysis of IndiaRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaGenetic EngineeringOpen Architechture a white paperTwilight of the UAWBringing Democracy to AfricaResearch Process Part One

Essay Sample on Early Christianity How Did It Appear

Essay Sample on Early Christianity How Did It Appear Early Christians faced intermittent persecution from roman officials. During the early centuries C.E., Roman authorities launched a series of campaigns to stamp out Christianity, since most Christians refused to observe the state cults that honored emperors as divine beings. Paradoxically, imperial officials viewed Christians as irreligious because they declined to participate in state-approved religious ceremonies. They also considered Christianity a menace to society because zealous missionaries attacked other religions and generated sometimes violent conflict. Nevertheless, Christian missionaries took full advantage of the Romans’ magnificent network of roads and sea lanes, which enabled them to carry their message throughout the Roman empire and the Mediterranean basin. During the second and third century C.E., countless missionaries took Paul of Tarsus as their example and worked zealously to attract converts. One of the more famous was Gregory the Wonderworker, a tireless missionary with a reputation for performing miracles, who popularized Christianity in central Anatolia during the mid-third century C.E. Contemporaries reported that Gregory not only preached Christian doctrine bit also expelled demons, moved boulders, diverted a river in flood, and persuaded observers that he had access to impressive supernatural powers. Gregory and his fellow missionaries helped to make Christianity an enormously popular religion of salvation in the Roman empire. By the late third century C.E., in spite of continuing imperial opposition, devout Christian communities flourished throughout the Mediterranean basin in Anatolia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and north Africa as well as in Greece, Italy, Spain, and Gaul. As Christianity became a prominent source of religious inspiration within the Roman empire, the young faith also traveled the trade routes and found followers beyond the Mediterranean basin. By the second century C.E., sizable Christian communities flourished throughout Mesopotamia and Iran, and a few Christian churches had appeared as far away as India. Christians did not dominate eastern lands as they did the Roman empire, but they attracted large numbers of converts in southwest Asia. Indeed, alongside Jews and Zoroastrians, Christians constituted one of the major religious communities in the region, and they remained so even after the seventh century C.E., when the Islamic faith of Arab Muslim conquerors began to displace the older religious communities. Christian communities in Mesopotamia and Iran deeply influenced Christian practices in the Roman empire. To demonstrate utter loyalty to their faith, Christians in southwest Asia often followed strict ascetic regimes, inspired by Indian traditions, they abstained from sexual contact, refused fine foods and other comforts, and sometimes even withdrew from family life and society. These practices impressed devout Christians in the roman empire. By the third century C.E., some Mediterranean Christians had begun to abandon society altogether and live as hermits in the deserts of Egypt, the mountains of Greece, and other isolated locations. Others withdrew from lay society but lived in communities of like-minded individuals who devoted their efforts to prayer and praise of God. Thus ascetic practices of Christians living in lands east of the Roman empire helped to inspire the formation of Christian monastic communities in the Mediterranean basin. After the fifth century C.E., Christian communities in southwest Asia and the Mediterranean basin increasingly went separate ways. Most of the faithful in south west Asia became Nestorians followers of the Greek theologian Nestorius, who lived during the early fifth century and emphasized the human as opposed to the divine nature of Jesus. Mediterranean church authorities rejected Nestorius’s views, and many of his disciples departed for Mesopotamia and Iran. They soon became prominent in local Christian communities, and they introduced a strong organizational framework to the church in southwest Asia. Although they had limited dealings with Mediterranean Christians, the Nestorians spread their faith east across the silk roads. Nestorian merchants took their faith with them on trade missions, and by the early seventh century they had established communities in central Asia, India, and China.

How does thalassemia affect the skeletal system Essay

How does thalassemia affect the skeletal system - Essay Example Thalassemia is a hereditary disorder characterized by a diminished or a malfunction of the production of hemoglobin; a blood protein that transports oxygen to the tissues, which results from the mutation of the manufacture of hemoglobin primarily because of the abnormality of the bones and the enlargement of the spleen. Anemia is a good example that portrays severe cases of Thalassemia; bone and growth deformities, defects and hemosiderosis (Barber & Stringer, 2011). The most common Thalassemias are alpha-Thalassemia and beta-Thalassemia whose frequency of occurrence is around 1.7% worldwide. Alpha-Thalassemia comes from the abnormal production of the ÃŽ ±-globin chain while ÃŽ ²-Thalassemia is from the ÃŽ ²-globin chain (Barber & Stringer, 2011). Alpha-Thalassemia affects mainly people from Africa and South-East Asia while beta-Thalassemia is prevalent among people from the Mediterranean, Africa, and South-East Asia. The predominance of ÃŽ ²-Thalassemia is higher in areas where malaria is or was once an endemic. Severe changes occur on the calvarium due to porotic hyperostosis as shown in figure 1 below. This manifests extensively on the frontal portion including the inferior portion, the parietals and the squamous of the occipital through porosis (Lagia et al., 2007). Due to Thalassemia, patients often experience extensive pitting in the posterior portion of the skull, which includes the parietal and occipital bones as shown in figure 3. There is also mild pitting of the frontal bone and the orbital roof as demonstrated in figure 2. For this reason, the cranial bones become thicker than usual, wavering from typical 4.5mm to a maximum of 10mm in thickness (Filon et al., 1995). The expanded diploe can be seen on the external surface, which becomes eroded over time. The trabeculae of the diploe become increasingly reduced in number, accompanied by the thickening and radial arrangement of the trabeculae that are left;